Project Details
- Principal Investigator: Gary Freed, MD, MPH
- Project Dates: 2004 – 2009
- Funding: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Description
Immunizations have been the major contributor to the reduction in infectious disease morbidity and mortality over the past century. However, not everyone who could benefit from vaccines receives immunizations on schedule, for reasons such as lack of awareness of immunization recommendations, missed opportunities for vaccination, increased complexity of the immunization schedule, concern about vaccine safety, cost of immunization services, and disruptions in vaccine supply.
To aid the CDC’s National Immunization Program in its efforts to achieve immunization goals for the nation, timely information regarding the attitudes and practices of health care providers, payers, public health officials, and parents/patients is essential. Such information allows the CDC to monitor recent and ongoing situations, and to plan and create effective programs tailored to these constituencies.
Variation in Immunization Practices (VIP) is a collaborative project between the CDC’s National Immunization Program and the University of Michigan’s Child Health Evaluation and Research (CHEAR) Unit. The VIP project team conducts four studies per year in accordance with the specific needs of the CDC’s National Immunization Program. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the VIP research team conducts studies in a time frame to allow the results to be directly applicable to current and future CDC efforts in child and adult immunization. Studies focus on agreement and adoption of new immunization recommendations; issues related to vaccine supply; insurance coverage for childhood and adult vaccines; and the impact of changes in vaccine financing on physician and patient behavior; and provider and patient assessment of CDC educational materials. Study findings are presented as written reports to CDC officials, with additional presentation of findings to workgroups or other agencies as desired by the project’s CDC technical advisors.
Journal Articles
1561421 869SIVJD Variation in Immunization Practices 1 apa 50 date desc 89 https://prc.sph.umich.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22WWGVSTH8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-09%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClark%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wortley%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282009%29.%20Influenza%20vaccination%20attitudes%20and%20practices%20among%20US%20registered%20nurses.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAm%20J%20Infect%20Control%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B37%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%287%29%2C%20551%26%23x2013%3B556.%20%2819556035%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ajic.2009.02.012%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ajic.2009.02.012%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Influenza%20vaccination%20attitudes%20and%20practices%20among%20US%20registered%20nurses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wortley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20The%20influenza%20vaccination%20rate%20among%20US%20health%20care%20personnel%20%28HCP%29%20remains%20low%20and%20may%20vary%20by%20occupational%20categories.%20The%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20explore%20knowledge%2C%20attitudes%2C%20and%20beliefs%20associated%20with%20influenza%20vaccination%20in%20a%20broad%20population%20of%20registered%20nurses.%20METHODS%3A%20The%20study%20used%20a%20cross-sectional%20mail%20survey%2C%20administered%20January-March%202006%2C%20of%202000%20registered%20nurses%20in%204%20US%20states.%20RESULTS%3A%20Of%20the%202000%20surveys%20sent%2C%201310%20%2872%25%29%20were%20returned%2C%20and%201017%20%2867%25%29%20were%20eligible%20for%20analysis.%20The%20majority%20of%20respondents%20%2859%25%29%20reported%20receiving%20influenza%20vaccine%20during%20the%202005-2006%20influenza%20season.%20The%20most%20common%20reason%20for%20being%20vaccinated%20was%20protecting%20oneself%20from%20illness%20%2895%25%29%2C%20and%20the%20most%20common%20reason%20for%20not%20being%20vaccinated%20was%20concern%20about%20adverse%20reactions%20%2839%25%29.%20Respondents%20who%20reported%20their%20patient%20population%20as%20high%20risk%20related%20to%20influenza%20were%20more%20likely%20to%20be%20vaccinated%20and%20to%20agree%20with%20statements%20regarding%20influenza%20disease%20and%20influenza%20vaccination%20of%20HCP.%20CONCLUSION%3A%20Concerns%20about%20adverse%20reactions%20and%20vaccine%20effectiveness%20continue%20to%20be%20barriers%20to%20influenza%20vaccination%20among%20registered%20nurses.%20Those%20most%20knowledgeable%20about%20influenza%20vaccination%20of%20HCP%20have%20higher%20vaccination%20rates.%20Future%20efforts%20to%20improve%20vaccination%20rates%20should%20include%20data%20on%20vaccine%20effectiveness%20and%20adverse%20effects%2C%20as%20well%20as%20descriptions%20of%20high-risk%20populations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%20Sep%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ajic.2009.02.012%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221527-3296%20%28Electronic%29%200196-6553%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CPDZ6HCU%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClark%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Wortley%2C%20P.%20M.%20%282009%29.%20Worksite%20policies%20related%20to%20influenza%20vaccination%3A%20a%20cross-sectional%20survey%20of%20US%20registered%20nurses.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BHum%20Vaccin%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B5%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%288%29%2C%20545%26%23x2013%3B550.%20%2819458489%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Worksite%20policies%20related%20to%20influenza%20vaccination%3A%20a%20cross-sectional%20survey%20of%20US%20registered%20nurses%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22P.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Wortley%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22To%20increase%20the%20rate%20of%20influenza%20vaccination%20among%20healthcare%20personnel%2C%20national%20recommendations%20call%20for%20worksites%20to%20adopt%20a%20multi-pronged%20strategy%20to%20encourage%20vaccination.%20The%20objective%20of%20this%20study%20was%20to%20explore%20existing%20worksite%20influenza%20vaccination%20policies%20and%20attitudes%20toward%20the%20use%20of%20declination%20forms%20based%20on%20a%20cross-sectional%20mail%20survey%20of%202%2C000%20registered%20nurses%20in%20four%20US%20states.%20The%20majority%20%2859%25%29%20of%20respondents%20reported%20receiving%20influenza%20vaccine%20during%20the%202005-06%20influenza%20season.%20Just%20over%20half%20%2855%25%29%20of%20respondents%20reported%20that%20their%20worksite%20strongly%20recommended%20influenza%20vaccination%20for%20employees.%20Most%20worksites%20made%20vaccine%20available%20to%20employees%20via%20one%20or%20more%20venues%20%2895%25%29%20and%20used%20one%20or%20more%20strategies%20to%20inform%20employees%20about%20influenza%20vaccination%20%2891%25%29.%20Worksite%20policies%20supportive%20of%20HCP%20influenza%20vaccination%20were%20reported%20more%20frequently%20by%20vaccinated%20nurses%20and%20those%20in%20hospital-based%20settings.%20The%20majority%20of%20respondents%20supported%20the%20use%20of%20declination%20forms%20for%20influenza%20vaccination.%20Although%20many%20healthcare%20worksites%20have%20policies%20in%20place%20to%20support%20influenza%20vaccination%20among%20their%20employees%2C%20continued%20efforts%20to%20expand%20worksite%20policies%20and%20practices%20are%20important%20for%20increasing%20vaccination%20rates%20and%20may%20need%20to%20be%20targeted%20differently%20for%20hospital-%20and%20non-hospital-based%20settings.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%20Aug%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221554-8619%20%28Electronic%29%201554-8600%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2288BPJB5F%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dempsey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDempsey%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Broder%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Kretsinger%2C%20K.%2C%20Stokley%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282009%29.%20Diagnosis%20and%20testing%20practices%20for%20adolescent%20pertussis%20among%20a%20national%20sample%20of%20primary%20care%20physicians.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPrev%20Med%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B48%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%285%29%2C%20500%26%23x2013%3B504.%20%2819264095%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ypmed.2009.02.020%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.ypmed.2009.02.020%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Diagnosis%20and%20testing%20practices%20for%20adolescent%20pertussis%20among%20a%20national%20sample%20of%20primary%20care%20physicians%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dempsey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kretsinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20Adolescents%20are%20a%20primary%20reservoir%20for%20propagating%20pertussis%20infection.%20This%20study%20aimed%20to%20describe%20diagnosis%20and%20testing%20practices%20for%20adolescent%20pertussis%20among%20a%20national%20sample%20of%20primary%20care%20physicians.%20METHODS%3A%20From%20January%20to%20March%2C%202007%20we%20administered%20a%20written%20survey%20to%20a%20United%20States%20sample%20of%20American%20Medical%20Association%20physicians%20that%20included%20725%20family%20practitioners%20%28FPs%29%20and%20725%20general%20pediatricians%20%28PDs%29.%20RESULTS%3A%20Response%20rate%20was%2060%25%20%28n%3D702%29.%20Overall%2C%2016%25%20of%20respondents%20indicated%20that%20they%20did%20not%20test%20adolescents%20for%20pertussis%20as%20part%20of%20their%20clinical%20practice.%20A%20similar%20proportion%20did%20not%20recognize%20the%20clinical%20manifestations%20of%20pertussis%20in%20a%20standardized%20adolescent%20case%20patient.%20FPs%20were%20less%20likely%20than%20PDs%20to%20test%20for%20pertussis%20in%20general%20and%20to%20diagnose%20the%20case%20patient%20with%20pertussis.%20Barriers%20to%20testing%20adolescents%20for%20pertussis%20included%20delay%20in%20obtaining%20test%20results%20%2852%25%29%2C%20inconvenience%20of%20sample%20collection%20%2829%25%29%2C%20lack%20of%20testing%20supplies%20%2829%25%29%2C%20lack%20of%20familiarity%20with%20testing%20protocols%20%2828%25%29%20and%20cost%20%2822%25%29.%20CONCLUSION%3A%20Our%20results%20suggest%20that%20a%20substantial%20number%20of%20primary%20care%20physicians%20do%20not%20utilize%20pertussis%20testing%20and%20may%20not%20be%20able%20to%20recognize%20the%20clinical%20symptoms%20of%20this%20infection%20in%20adolescents.%20Interventions%20to%20improve%20physician%20knowledge%20about%20this%20important%20public%20health%20issue%20may%20be%20warranted.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%20May%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.ypmed.2009.02.020%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221096-0260%20%28Electronic%29%200091-7435%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22CB7ZV3Z8%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dempsey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-04%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDempsey%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Broder%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Kretsinger%2C%20K.%2C%20Stokley%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282009%29.%20Adolescent%20Tdap%20vaccine%20use%20among%20primary%20care%20physicians.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ%20Adolesc%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B44%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%284%29%2C%20387%26%23x2013%3B393.%20%2819306798%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2008.08.019%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2008.08.019%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Adolescent%20Tdap%20vaccine%20use%20among%20primary%20care%20physicians%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dempsey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kretsinger%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PURPOSE%3A%20In%202006%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%20%28ACIP%29%20recommended%20replacement%20of%20the%20adolescent%20tetanus%20and%20diphtheria%20toxoids%20%28Td%29%20booster%20with%20combined%20tetanus%20toxoid%2C%20reduced%20diphtheria%20toxoid%2C%20and%20acellular%20pertussis%20vaccine%20%28Tdap%29.%20We%20examined%20the%20degree%20to%20which%20pediatricians%20and%20family%20practitioners%20have%20adopted%20this%20recommendation.%20METHODS%3A%20National%20mail-based%20survey%20of%20a%20random%20sample%20of%20725%20pediatricians%20and%20725%20family%20practitioners%20from%20January%20through%20March%2C%202007.%20RESULTS%3A%20Overall%20response%20rate%20was%2060%25.%20The%20majority%20of%20respondents%20indicated%20they%20routinely%20recommended%20Tdap%20to%20adolescents%20at%20the%20preferred%20age%20for%20vaccination%2C%2011-12%20years%20old%20%2887%25%29%2C%20and%20also%20for%20%26quot%3Bcatch%20up%26quot%3B%20vaccination%20among%20adolescents%2013-18%20years%20old%20%2889%25%29.%20In%20bivariate%20analyses%2C%20pediatrician%20specialty%2C%20specialty%20society%20membership%2C%20stocking%20Tdap%20in%20the%20office%2C%20and%20prior%20experience%20diagnosing%20adolescent%20pertussis%20were%20associated%20with%20routinely%20recommending%20Tdap%20to%20adolescents.%20In%20multivariable%20models%20adjusting%20for%20these%20factors%20simultaneously%2C%20only%20pediatrician%20specialty%20%28OR%20%3D%204.8%2C%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%202.5-9.3%29%20and%20stocking%20Tdap%20in%20the%20office%20%28OR%20%3D%2014.5%2C%2095%25%20CI%20%3D%207.5-28.5%29%20remained%20significantly%20associated%20with%20routine%20recommendation.%20Pediatricians%20were%20significantly%20more%20likely%20than%20family%20practitioners%20to%20accept%20shorter%20time%20intervals%20for%20administering%20Tdap%20following%20Td%20vaccination%2C%20and%20to%20co-administer%20Tdap%20with%20MCV4.%20Lack%20of%20adolescent%20visits%20was%20the%20most%20commonly%20cited%20major%20barrier%20to%20adolescent%20Tdap%20administration.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20Based%20on%20self%20report%2C%20our%20results%20indicate%20the%20majority%20of%20physicians%20have%20adopted%20recent%20recommendations%20from%20the%20ACIP%20to%20administer%20Tdap%20to%20adolescents.%20However%2C%20specialty-based%20disparities%20in%20attitudes%20and%20practices%20persist%2C%20suggesting%20that%20ongoing%20efforts%20are%20needed%20to%20motivate%20physicians%20to%20recommend%20this%20vaccine%20to%20adolescents%20and%20to%20clarify%20how%20to%20integrate%20Tdap%20with%20other%20adolescent%20vaccinations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%20Apr%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2008.08.019%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221879-1972%20%28Electronic%29%201054-139X%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A55Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z9CHGX3V%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Freed%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFreed%2C%20G.%20L.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282008%29.%20Primary%20care%20physician%20perspectives%20on%20reimbursement%20for%20childhood%20immunizations.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPediatrics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B122%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%201319%26%23x2013%3B1324.%20%2819047252%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2008-2033%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2008-2033%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Primary%20care%20physician%20perspectives%20on%20reimbursement%20for%20childhood%20immunizations%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVES%3A%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20research%20was%20to%20explore%20physicians%26%23039%3B%20attitudes%20and%20behaviors%20related%20to%20vaccine%20financing%20issues%20within%20their%20practice.%20Amid%20the%20increasing%20number%20of%20vaccine%20doses%20recommended%20for%20children%20and%20adolescents%2C%20anecdotal%20reports%20suggest%20that%20physicians%20are%20facing%20increasing%20financial%20pressures%20from%20vaccine%20purchase%20and%20administration%20and%20may%20stop%20providing%20vaccines%20altogether%20to%20privately%20insured%20children.%20Whether%20these%20sentiments%20are%20widely%20held%20among%20immunization%20providers%20is%20unknown.%20METHODS%3A%20We%20conducted%20a%20cross-sectional%20mail%20survey%20from%20July%20to%20September%202007%20of%20a%20random%20sample%20of%201280%20US%20pediatricians%20and%20family%20physicians%20engaged%20in%20direct%20patient%20care.%20Main%20outcome%20measures%20included%20delay%20in%20the%20purchase%20of%20specific%20vaccines%20for%20financial%20reasons%3B%20reported%20decrease%20in%20profit%20margin%20from%20immunizations%3B%20and%20practice%20consideration%20of%20whether%20to%20stop%20providing%20all%20vaccines%20to%20privately%20insured%20children.%20RESULTS%3A%20The%20response%20rate%20was%2070%25%20for%20pediatricians%20and%2060%25%20for%20family%20physicians.%20Approximately%20half%20of%20the%20respondents%20reported%20that%20their%20practice%20had%20delayed%20the%20purchase%20of%20specific%20vaccines%20for%20financial%20reasons%20%2849%25%29%20and%20experienced%20decreased%20profit%20margin%20from%20immunizations%20%2853%25%29%20in%20the%20previous%203%20years.%20Twenty-one%20percent%20of%20respondents%20strongly%20disagreed%20that%20%26quot%3Breimbursement%20for%20vaccine%20purchase%20is%20adequate%2C%26quot%3B%20and%2017%25%20strongly%20disagreed%20that%20%26quot%3Breimbursement%20for%20vaccine%20administration%20is%20adequate.%26quot%3B%20Eleven%20percent%20of%20respondents%20said%20their%20practice%20had%20seriously%20considered%20whether%20to%20stop%20providing%20all%20vaccines%20to%20privately%20insured%20children%20in%20the%20previous%20year.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20Physicians%20who%20provide%20vaccines%20to%20children%20and%20adolescents%20report%20dissatisfaction%20with%20reimbursement%20levels%20and%20increasing%20financial%20strain%20from%20immunizations.%20Although%20large-scale%20withdrawal%20of%20immunization%20providers%20does%20not%20seem%20to%20be%20imminent%2C%20efforts%20to%20address%20root%20causes%20of%20financial%20pressures%20should%20be%20undertaken.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%20Dec%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2008-2033%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221098-4275%20%28Electronic%29%200031-4005%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22WREE8IHB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Freed%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BFreed%2C%20G.%20L.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Gregory%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282008%29.%20Variation%20in%20provider%20vaccine%20purchase%20prices%20and%20payer%20reimbursement.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPediatrics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B122%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%201325%26%23x2013%3B1331.%20%2819047253%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2008-2038%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2008-2038%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Variation%20in%20provider%20vaccine%20purchase%20prices%20and%20payer%20reimbursement%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22G.%20L.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Freed%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Gregory%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20The%20purpose%20of%20this%20work%20was%20to%20collect%20data%20regarding%20vaccine%20prices%20and%20reimbursements%20in%20private%20practices.%20Amid%20reports%20of%20physicians%20losing%20money%20on%20vaccines%2C%20there%20are%20limited%20supporting%20data%20to%20show%20how%20much%20private%20practices%20are%20paying%20for%20vaccines%20and%20how%20much%20they%20are%20being%20reimbursed%20by%20third-party%20payers.%20METHODS%3A%20We%20conducted%20a%20cross-sectional%20survey%20of%20a%20convenience%20sample%20of%20private%20practices%20in%205%20states%20%28California%2C%20Georgia%2C%20Michigan%2C%20New%20York%2C%20and%20Texas%29%20that%20purchase%20vaccines%20for%20administration%20to%20privately%20insured%20children%5C%2Fadolescents.%20Main%20outcome%20measures%20included%20prices%20paid%20to%20purchase%20vaccines%20recommended%20for%20children%20and%20adolescents%20and%20reimbursement%20from%20the%203%20most%20common%2C%20non-Medicaid%20payers%20for%20vaccine%20purchase%20and%20administration.%20RESULTS%3A%20Detailed%20price%20and%20reimbursement%20data%20were%20provided%20by%2076%20practices.%20There%20was%20a%20considerable%20difference%20between%20the%20maximum%20and%20minimum%20prices%20paid%20by%20practices%2C%20ranging%20from%20%244%20to%20more%20than%20%2430%20for%20specific%20vaccines.%20There%20was%20also%20significant%20variation%20in%20insurance%20reimbursement%20for%20vaccine%20purchase%2C%20with%20maximum%20and%20minimum%20reimbursements%20for%20a%20single%20vaccine%20differing%20from%20%248%20to%20more%20than%20%2480.%20Mean%20net%20yield%20per%20dose%20%28reimbursement%20for%20vaccine%20purchase%20minus%20price%20paid%20per%20dose%29%20varied%20across%20vaccines%20from%20a%20low%20of%20approximately%20%243%20to%20more%20than%20%2424.%20Reimbursement%20for%20the%20first%20dose%20of%20vaccine%20administered%20ranged%20from%20%240%20to%20more%20than%20%2426%2C%20with%20a%20mean%20of%20%2416.62.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20There%20is%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20prices%20paid%20by%20practices%20for%20the%20same%20vaccine%20product%20and%20in%20the%20reimbursement%20for%20vaccines%20and%20administration%20fees%20by%20payers.%20This%20variation%20highlights%20the%20need%20for%20individual%20practices%20to%20understand%20their%20own%20costs%20and%20reimbursements%20and%20to%20seek%20opportunities%20to%20reduce%20costs%20and%20increase%20reimbursements.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%20Dec%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2008-2038%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221098-4275%20%28Electronic%29%200031-4005%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MM2A37Q3%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Dempsey%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-10-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDempsey%2C%20A.%20F.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Stokley%2C%20S.%2C%20Messonnier%2C%20M.%2C%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Davis%2C%20M.%20M.%20%282008%29.%20The%20role%20of%20economic%20information%20in%20decision-making%20by%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVaccine%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B26%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2842%29%2C%205389%26%23x2013%3B5392.%20%2818708111%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.vaccine.2008.07.085%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.vaccine.2008.07.085%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20role%20of%20economic%20information%20in%20decision-making%20by%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20F.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Dempsey%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Messonnier%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22With%20cost%20of%20vaccines%20steadily%20increasing%2C%20recommendations%20of%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%20%28ACIP%29%20have%20growing%20economic%20implications%20for%20the%20public.%20We%20used%20semi-structured%20telephone%20interviews%20to%20assess%20the%20knowledge%2C%20attitudes%2C%20and%20practices%20of%20the%2015%20voting%20members%20of%20the%202006-2007%20ACIP%20regarding%20the%20use%20of%20economic%20information%20by%20the%20committee%20in%20their%20deliberations%20about%20new%20vaccine%20recommendations.%20These%20interviews%20demonstrated%20the%20importance%20of%20economic%20information%20in%20ACIP%20deliberations%2C%20but%20also%20revealed%20that%20many%20members%20felt%20economic%20information%20should%20not%20be%20outweighed%20by%20the%20more%20important%20issues%20of%20vaccine%20efficacy%2C%20disease%20burden%2C%20and%20safety.%20In%20addition%2C%20though%20members%20had%20variable%20levels%20of%20expertise%20in%20analyzing%20economic%20data%2C%20there%20was%20a%20general%20concern%20that%20assumptions%20inherent%20in%20the%20development%20of%20cost-effectiveness%20models%20made%20interpretation%20of%20the%20data%20resulting%20from%20these%20models%20difficult.%20To%20counteract%20this%20concern%2C%20several%20ACIP%20members%20suggested%20standardizing%20the%20process%20of%20how%20economic%20data%20are%20presented%20to%20the%20committee%20so%20that%20a%20more%20uniform%20consideration%20of%20consequential%20information%20might%20be%20undertaken%20by%20the%20ACIP%20in%20their%20deliberations.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%20Oct%203%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.vaccine.2008.07.085%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220264-410X%20%28Print%29%200264-410X%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22DNXSZEQV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-02%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDavis%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Marin%2C%20M.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Guris%2C%20D.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282007%29.%20Physician%20attitudes%20regarding%20breakthrough%20varicella%20disease%20and%20a%20potential%20second%20dose%20of%20varicella%20vaccine.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPediatrics%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B119%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20258%26%23x2013%3B264.%20%2817272614%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2006-0972%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2006-0972%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physician%20attitudes%20regarding%20breakthrough%20varicella%20disease%20and%20a%20potential%20second%20dose%20of%20varicella%20vaccine%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Marin%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22D.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Guris%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20We%20assessed%20physicians%26%23039%3B%20attitudes%20about%20the%201-dose%20varicella%20vaccination%20program%20and%20whether%20physicians%20think%20a%202-dose%20recommendation%20is%20needed%20to%20reduce%20the%20risk%20of%20breakthrough%20disease.%20METHODS%3A%20We%20conducted%20a%20national%20mail%20survey%20of%20a%20random%20sample%20of%20550%20pediatricians%20and%20550%20family%20physicians%20from%20April%20to%20June%202005.%20Physicians%20who%20provide%20outpatient%20primary%20care%20to%20children%20%26lt%3B%20or%20%3D%206%20years%20of%20age%20were%20eligible%20for%20analysis.%20RESULTS%3A%20Surveys%20were%20returned%20by%20727%20respondents%2C%20for%20a%20response%20rate%20of%2069%25%3B%20610%20physicians%20were%20eligible.%20Most%20respondents%20%2894%25%29%20recommend%20routine%201-dose%20varicella%20vaccination%2C%20and%2079%25%20have%20seen%20breakthrough%20disease%20in%20the%20past%205%20years%20%2895%25%20of%20pediatricians%20and%2058%25%20of%20family%20physicians%29.%20The%20majority%20%2868%25%29%20agreed%20or%20strongly%20agreed%20that%20the%20current%20burden%20of%20breakthrough%20disease%20is%20acceptable.%20Only%2038%25%20%2846%25%20of%20pediatricians%20and%2028%25%20of%20family%20physicians%29%20agreed%20or%20strongly%20agreed%20that%20a%20second%20dose%20of%20varicella%20vaccine%20is%20needed%20to%20address%20the%20burden%20of%20breakthrough%20disease%2C%20whereas%2040%25%20were%20neutral.%20However%2C%20if%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%20were%20to%20recommend%20a%20second%20dose%20of%20varicella%20vaccine%2C%20then%2065%25%20of%20pediatricians%20and%2039%25%20of%20family%20physicians%20would%20likely%20follow%20the%20recommendation.%20Most%20respondents%20%2878%25%29%20would%20be%20more%20willing%20to%20recommend%20a%20second%20dose%20if%20a%20combination%20measles-mumps-rubella-varicella%20vaccine%20was%20available.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20Pediatricians%20and%20family%20physicians%20support%20the%201-dose%20varicella%20vaccination%20program.%20A%20new%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%20recommendation%20for%20a%20second%20dose%20of%20varicella%20vaccine%20for%20children%20was%20issued%20after%20the%20survey%20%28in%20June%202006%29.%20Two%20of%203%20pediatricians%20and%202%20of%205%20family%20physicians%20stated%20that%20they%20would%20adopt%20a%202-dose%20recommendation%20in%20practice%3B%20rates%20of%20adoption%20may%20be%20bolstered%20with%20current%20availability%20of%20measles-mumps-rubella-varicella%20vaccine%20and%20harmonization%20of%20the%20varicella%20vaccination%20schedule%20with%20that%20of%20measles-mumps-rubella%20vaccine.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%20Feb%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1542%5C%2Fpeds.2006-0972%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221098-4275%20%28Electronic%29%200031-4005%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A56Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Q5ITKUCS%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-12%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClark%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Stokley%2C%20S.%2C%20Bilukha%2C%20O.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Davis%2C%20M.%20M.%20%282006%29.%20Physician%20perspectives%20to%20inform%20a%20new%20recommendation%20for%20meningococcal%20conjugate%20vaccine%20%28MCV4%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BJ%20Adolesc%20Health%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B39%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%286%29%2C%20850%26%23x2013%3B855.%20%2817116515%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2006.08.009%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2006.08.009%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physician%20perspectives%20to%20inform%20a%20new%20recommendation%20for%20meningococcal%20conjugate%20vaccine%20%28MCV4%29%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bilukha%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22PURPOSE%3A%20In%20January%202005%2C%20the%20U.S.%20Food%20and%20Drug%20Administration%20licensed%20a%20new%20tetravalent%20meningococcal%20conjugate%20vaccine%20%28MCV4%29.%20Before%20any%20policy%20decisions%20by%20the%20U.S.%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%20%28ACIP%29%20related%20to%20MCV4%2C%20the%20Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention%20requested%20a%20study%20to%20explore%20the%20perspective%20of%20primary%20care%20physicians%20regarding%20different%20recommendation%20scenarios%20for%20use%20of%20MCV4.%20METHODS%3A%20Cross-sectional%20mail%20survey%20of%20a%20national%20random%20sample%20of%20pediatricians%20%28PDs%29%20and%20family%20physicians%20%28FPs%29%2C%20conducted%20January%202005.%20Respondents%20chose%20from%20four%20MCV4%20recommendation%20scenarios%20in%20terms%20of%20ability%20to%20implement%2C%20perceived%20patient%5C%2Fparent%20preferences%2C%20scientific%20evidence%2C%20and%20overall%20best%20fit.%20RESULTS%3A%20Response%20rate%20to%20the%20single-mailing%20survey%20was%2057%25.%20In%20terms%20of%20ability%20to%20implement%2C%20respondents%20generally%20preferred%20an%20MCV4%20recommendation%20targeted%20to%20middle-school%20entry%20%2811-12%20years%20old%29%20or%20with%20the%20Td%20booster%20at%20any%20age%2C%20but%20on%20the%20basis%20of%20scientific%20evidence%20they%20favored%20MCV4%20at%20high%20school%20completion.%20For%20%26quot%3Boverall%20best%20fit%2C%26quot%3B%20relatively%20equal%20proportions%20of%20respondents%20favored%20a%20recommendation%20at%20middle%20school%20entry%20and%20one%20linked%20to%20Td%20booster%20administration%20%28whenever%20it%20occurred%29%3B%20there%20were%20no%20significant%20differences%20between%20PDs%20and%20FPs.%20Major%20influences%20on%20willingness%20to%20recommend%20MCV4%20were%20vaccine%20safety%5C%2Fside%20effects%20and%20insurance%20coverage%5C%2Freimbursement.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20Support%20for%20an%20MCV4%20recommendation%20at%20middle%20school%20entry%20is%20common%20but%20not%20universal%20among%20primary%20care%20providers.%20Data%20suggest%20that%20respondents%20appreciate%20the%20potential%20discrepancy%20between%20practical%20aspects%20of%20vaccine%20delivery%20and%20the%20need%20to%20protect%20those%20adolescents%20at%20greatest%20risk%20of%20disease.%20Respondents%26%23039%3B%20preferences%20for%20the%20overall%20best%20fit%20appear%20to%20prioritize%20ease%20of%20implementation%20over%20epidemiologic%20patterns.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%20Dec%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1016%5C%2Fj.jadohealth.2006.08.009%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221879-1972%20%28Electronic%29%201054-139X%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22ICPSAKDR%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Davis%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-08%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BDavis%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Broder%2C%20K.%20R.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20Mijalski%2C%20C.%2C%20Katrina%2C%20K.%2C%20Stokley%2C%20S.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Clark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282006%29.%20Physician%20attitudes%20and%20preferences%20about%20combined%20Tdap%20vaccines%20for%20adolescents.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BAm%20J%20Prev%20Med%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B31%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%282%29%2C%20176%26%23x2013%3B180.%20%2816913066%29.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physician%20attitudes%20and%20preferences%20about%20combined%20Tdap%20vaccines%20for%20adolescents%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Broder%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22C.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Mijalski%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Katrina%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Stokley%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22BACKGROUND%3A%20Combined%20tetanus%20toxoid%2C%20reduced%20diphtheria%20toxoid%2C%20and%20acellular%20pertussis%20vaccine%20%28Tdap%29%20boosters%20for%20adolescents%20are%20a%20new%20strategy%20to%20prevent%20pertussis.%20We%20examined%20the%20current%20practices%20of%20pediatricians%20and%20family%20physicians%20regarding%20adolescent%20tetanus%20and%20diphtheria%20toxoids%20%28Td%29%20vaccine%20immunizations%20and%20providers%26%23039%3B%20potential%20adherence%20to%20new%20Tdap%20recommendations%20for%20adolescents.%20METHODS%3A%20Using%20a%20brief%20survey%20instrument%20sent%20to%20a%20random%20sample%20of%20pediatricians%20and%20family%20physicians%20in%20January%202005%2C%20we%20assessed%20providers%26%23039%3B%20patterns%20of%20administration%20of%20Td%20boosters%2C%20barriers%20to%20Td%20boosters%2C%20and%20agreement%20that%20pertussis%20vaccination%20of%20adolescents%20is%20warranted.%20Results%20of%20analyses%20in%20February%202005%20were%20presented%20to%20the%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices%20of%20the%20Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20and%20Prevention%20%28CDC%29%20to%20inform%20its%20deliberations%20regarding%20adolescent%20Tdap%20vaccination.%20RESULTS%3A%20The%20overall%20response%20rate%20was%2056%25%20%2857%25%20pediatricians%2C%2055%25%20family%20physicians%29.%20Among%20297%20respondents%20%28154%20pediatricians%2C%20143%20family%20physicians%29%20eligible%20for%20analysis%20because%20they%20provide%20care%20to%20adolescents%2C%20pediatricians%20%2877%25%29%20were%20significantly%20more%20likely%20than%20family%20physicians%20%2851%25%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.0001%29%20to%20report%20that%20they%20routinely%20administer%20Td%20at%20preventive%20care%20visits%20for%20adolescents%20aged%2011%20to%2012%20years%2C%20but%20otherwise%20the%20specialties%20were%20similar%20in%20their%20Td%20practices.%20Forty-four%20percent%20of%20respondents%20cited%20infrequency%20of%20adolescent%20visits%20as%20a%20barrier%20to%20Td%20immunization.%20Slightly%20more%20than%20half%20the%20sample%20%2857%25%29%20agreed%20or%20strongly%20agreed%20that%20pertussis%20is%20serious%20enough%20to%20warrant%20replacing%20Td%20with%20Tdap%20for%20adolescents%3B%20pediatricians%20%2870%25%29%20were%20significantly%20more%20likely%20than%20family%20physicians%20%2842%25%2C%20p%20%26lt%3B%200.0001%29%20to%20endorse%20this%20statement.%20CONCLUSIONS%3A%20This%20national%20survey%20indicates%20moderate%20willingness%2C%20stronger%20among%20pediatricians%20than%20among%20family%20physicians%2C%20to%20support%20recommendations%20for%20Tdap%20among%20adolescents.%20In%20February%202006%2C%20CDC%20released%20recommendations%20that%20adolescents%20aged%2011%20to%2018%20%28preferred%20age%2011%20to%2012%29%20receive%20a%20single%20dose%20of%20Tdap%20in%20place%20of%20Td%20if%20they%20have%20not%20already%20received%20the%20latter.%20Near-term%20efforts%20regarding%20Tdap%20recommendations%20must%20address%20providers%26%23039%3B%20concerns%20about%20infrequent%20routine%20visits%20for%20adolescents%20and%20convince%20more%20physicians%20of%20the%20importance%20of%20pertussis%20booster%20immunization%20during%20adolescence.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%20Aug%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%220749-3797%20%28Print%29%200749-3797%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2276M338SE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClark%2C%20S.%20J.%2C%20Adolphe%2C%20S.%2C%20Davis%2C%20M.%20M.%2C%20Cowan%2C%20A.%20E.%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Kretsinger%2C%20K.%20%282006%29.%20Attitudes%20of%20US%20obstetricians%20toward%20a%20combined%20tetanus-diphtheria-acellular%20pertussis%20vaccine%20for%20adults.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BInfect%20Dis%20Obstet%20Gynecol%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3B2006%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%2C%2087040.%20%2817485814%29.%20%26lt%3Ba%20class%3D%26%23039%3Bzp-DOIURL%26%23039%3B%20href%3D%26%23039%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1155%5C%2FIDOG%5C%2F2006%5C%2F87040%26%23039%3B%26gt%3Bhttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.1155%5C%2FIDOG%5C%2F2006%5C%2F87040%26lt%3B%5C%2Fa%26gt%3B%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Attitudes%20of%20US%20obstetricians%20toward%20a%20combined%20tetanus-diphtheria-acellular%20pertussis%20vaccine%20for%20adults%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Adolphe%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22M.%20M.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Davis%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22A.%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Cowan%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22K.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kretsinger%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22OBJECTIVE%3A%20To%20describe%20obstetricians%26%23039%3B%20perspectives%20related%20to%20tetanus-diphtheria-acellular%20pertussis%20%28Tdap%29%20vaccination%20of%20mothers%20and%20other%20adults%20in%20close%20contact%20with%20infants.%20METHODS%3A%20Mail%20survey%20of%20national%20random%20sample%20of%20400%20obstetricians.%20RESULTS%3A%20Response%20rate%20was%2054%25.%20Most%20respondents%20would%20likely%20recommend%20Tdap%20for%20women%20during%20the%20postpartum%20hospital%20stay%20%2878%25%29%20or%20during%20pregnancy%20%2869%25%29%20if%20a%20national%20recommendation%20was%20issued.%20Expected%20barriers%20were%20knowing%20the%20date%20of%20patients%26%23039%3B%20most%20recent%20Td%20booster%20%2874%25%29%20and%20patient%20resistance%20%2846%25%29.%20Most%20felt%20that%20obstetricians%20have%20a%20role%20in%20promoting%20and%20administering%20Tdap%20vaccine%20to%20adults%20other%20than%20mothers%20likely%20to%20come%20in%20close%20contact%20with%20infants.%20CONCLUSION%3A%20Obstetricians%20are%20likely%20to%20agree%20with%20the%20recent%20provisional%20US%20recommendation%20to%20administer%20Tdap%20to%20postpartum%20mothers%20and%20other%20adults%20expected%20to%20come%20in%20close%20contact%20with%20infants.%20Obstetricians%20would%20also%20be%20likely%20to%20support%20a%20potential%20recommendation%20to%20administer%20Tdap%20during%20pregnancy.%20Barriers%20to%20adoption%20of%20new%20Tdap%20vaccine%20recommendations%20should%20be%20monitored.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%22%2C%22section%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partNumber%22%3A%22%22%2C%22partTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.1155%5C%2FIDOG%5C%2F2006%5C%2F87040%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22PMCID%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%221098-0997%20%28Electronic%29%201064-7449%20%28Linking%29%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22eng%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22869SIVJD%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-02-06T19%3A00%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Clark, S. J., Cowan, A. E., & Wortley, P. M. (2009). Influenza vaccination attitudes and practices among US registered nurses. Am J Infect Control, 37(7), 551–556. (19556035). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2009.02.012
Clark, S. J., Cowan, A. E., & Wortley, P. M. (2009). Worksite policies related to influenza vaccination: a cross-sectional survey of US registered nurses. Hum Vaccin, 5(8), 545–550. (19458489).
Dempsey, A. F., Cowan, A. E., Broder, K. R., Kretsinger, K., Stokley, S., & Clark, S. J. (2009). Diagnosis and testing practices for adolescent pertussis among a national sample of primary care physicians. Prev Med, 48(5), 500–504. (19264095). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.02.020
Dempsey, A. F., Cowan, A. E., Broder, K. R., Kretsinger, K., Stokley, S., & Clark, S. J. (2009). Adolescent Tdap vaccine use among primary care physicians. J Adolesc Health, 44(4), 387–393. (19306798). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.019
Freed, G. L., Cowan, A. E., & Clark, S. J. (2008). Primary care physician perspectives on reimbursement for childhood immunizations. Pediatrics, 122(6), 1319–1324. (19047252). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2033
Freed, G. L., Cowan, A. E., Gregory, S., & Clark, S. J. (2008). Variation in provider vaccine purchase prices and payer reimbursement. Pediatrics, 122(6), 1325–1331. (19047253). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-2038
Dempsey, A. F., Cowan, A. E., Stokley, S., Messonnier, M., Clark, S. J., & Davis, M. M. (2008). The role of economic information in decision-making by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Vaccine, 26(42), 5389–5392. (18708111). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.085
Davis, M. M., Marin, M., Cowan, A. E., Guris, D., & Clark, S. J. (2007). Physician attitudes regarding breakthrough varicella disease and a potential second dose of varicella vaccine. Pediatrics, 119(2), 258–264. (17272614). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-0972
Clark, S. J., Cowan, A. E., Stokley, S., Bilukha, O., & Davis, M. M. (2006). Physician perspectives to inform a new recommendation for meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4). J Adolesc Health, 39(6), 850–855. (17116515). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.08.009
Davis, M. M., Broder, K. R., Cowan, A. E., Mijalski, C., Katrina, K., Stokley, S., & Clark, S. J. (2006). Physician attitudes and preferences about combined Tdap vaccines for adolescents. Am J Prev Med, 31(2), 176–180. (16913066).
Clark, S. J., Adolphe, S., Davis, M. M., Cowan, A. E., & Kretsinger, K. (2006). Attitudes of US obstetricians toward a combined tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine for adults. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol, 2006, 87040. (17485814). https://doi.org/10.1155/IDOG/2006/87040
Presentations
1561421 DD7EC3DN Variation in Immunization Practices 1 apa 50 date desc 89 https://prc.sph.umich.edu/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/
%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3Afalse%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22A5IS3AQC%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-10-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282010%2C%20October%2015%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BH1N1%20Vaccine%3A%26%23xA0%3B%20After%20the%20Panic%2C%20What%26%23x2019%3Bs%20Left%3F%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B%20Minnesota%20Immunization%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22H1N1%20Vaccine%3A%20%20After%20the%20Panic%2C%20What%5Cu2019s%20Left%3F%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22October%2015%2C%202010%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-10T17%3A15%3A19Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2295Z4ZUQN%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Clark%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222010-10-15%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3BClark%2C%20S.%20J.%20%282010%2C%20October%2015%29.%20%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BVaccine%20Financing%20in%20the%20Practice%20Setting%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20Minnesota%20Immunization%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Vaccine%20Financing%20in%20the%20Practice%20Setting%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22S.%20J.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Clark%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%22October%2015%2C%202010%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-10T16%3A55%3A42Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22UJAAEF44%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222009-05%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPrivate-sector%20cost%20and%20reimbursement%20for%20vaccines%3A%20financial%20impact%20of%20combination%20vaccines%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%282009%2C%20May%29.%20Pediatric%20Academic%20Societies%20Annual%20Meeting.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Private-sector%20cost%20and%20reimbursement%20for%20vaccines%3A%20financial%20impact%20of%20combination%20vaccines%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222009%20May%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-08T15%3A31%3A37Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22GU33B4QV%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPhysician%20adoption%20of%20ACIP%20recommendations%20for%20vaccinating%20adolescents%20against%20pertussis%20using%20Tdap%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%282008%2C%20March%29.%20National%20Immunization%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physician%20adoption%20of%20ACIP%20recommendations%20for%20vaccinating%20adolescents%20against%20pertussis%20using%20Tdap%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%20March%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222024-11-01T16%3A49%3A05Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22MIF3WV8B%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPrivate-sector%20cost%20and%20reimbursement%20for%20childhood%20vaccines%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%282008%2C%20March%29.%20National%20Immunization%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Private-sector%20cost%20and%20reimbursement%20for%20childhood%20vaccines%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%20March%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-08T15%3A36%3A48Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22N9C48MKB%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222008-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPhysician%20attitudes%20toward%20vaccine%20reimbursement%3A%20A%20national%20survey%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%282008%2C%20March%29.%20National%20Immunization%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Physician%20attitudes%20toward%20vaccine%20reimbursement%3A%20A%20national%20survey%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222008%20March%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-08T15%3A35%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%226R3W86XX%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222007-03%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BNurses%26%23x2019%3B%20knowledge%2C%20attitudes%2C%20and%20practices%20related%20to%20influenza%20vaccination%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%282007%2C%20March%29.%20National%20Immunization%20Conference.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Nurses%27%20knowledge%2C%20attitudes%2C%20and%20practices%20related%20to%20influenza%20vaccination%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222007%20March%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-08T15%3A38%3A20Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22Z7BXRSZG%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A1561421%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22parsedDate%22%3A%222006-10%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-bib-body%26quot%3B%20style%3D%26quot%3Bline-height%3A%202%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%5Cn%20%20%26lt%3Bdiv%20class%3D%26quot%3Bcsl-entry%26quot%3B%26gt%3B%26lt%3Bi%26gt%3BPreferences%20for%20the%20childhood%20immunization%20schedule%3A%20Results%20of%20focus%20groups%20with%20immunization%20providers%26lt%3B%5C%2Fi%26gt%3B.%20%282006%2C%20October%29.%20US%20Advisory%20Committee%20on%20Immunization%20Practices.%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%5Cn%26lt%3B%5C%2Fdiv%26gt%3B%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Preferences%20for%20the%20childhood%20immunization%20schedule%3A%20Results%20of%20focus%20groups%20with%20immunization%20providers%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222006%20October%22%2C%22sessionTitle%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%22%22%2C%22citationKey%22%3A%22%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%22DD7EC3DN%22%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222015-04-08T15%3A39%3A38Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D
Clark, S. J. (2010, October 15). H1N1 Vaccine: After the Panic, What’s Left? Minnesota Immunization Conference.
Clark, S. J. (2010, October 15). Vaccine Financing in the Practice Setting. Minnesota Immunization Conference.
Private-sector cost and reimbursement for vaccines: financial impact of combination vaccines. (2009, May). Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting.
Physician adoption of ACIP recommendations for vaccinating adolescents against pertussis using Tdap. (2008, March). National Immunization Conference.
Private-sector cost and reimbursement for childhood vaccines. (2008, March). National Immunization Conference.
Physician attitudes toward vaccine reimbursement: A national survey. (2008, March). National Immunization Conference.
Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to influenza vaccination. (2007, March). National Immunization Conference.
Preferences for the childhood immunization schedule: Results of focus groups with immunization providers. (2006, October). US Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.