Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center

Project Status: Current
Project Tags: Affiliated Centers, Community Based Participatory Research, Core Project, Flint and Genesee County, Positive Youth Development, Program Evaluation, Violence Prevention

Project Details

Principal Investigator: Marc Zimmerman, PhD, UM SPH
Managing Director: Alison Grodzinski, MLIS, UM SPH
Center Manager: Laney Rupp, MPH, UM SPH
Project Dates: 2010-2015, 2015-2020, 2020-2021, 2021-2026
Funding Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Website: https://yvpc.sph.umich.edu
Project Fact Sheets

Description

The Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center (MI-YVPC), based at the University of Michigan School of Public Health, is one of six National Centers of Excellence in Youth Violence Prevention funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The Centers are funded to research youth violence prevention approaches, collect and analyze surveillance data, and foster relationships with local community partners to help develop, implement, and evaluate promising prevention efforts.

MI-YVPC partners with universities, economic development organizations, health departments, hospitals, police departments, and community-based organizations to implement and evaluate strategies to prevent youth violence. We work closely with community partners to implement and evaluate youth- and community-driven strategies to prevent youth violence. Our core research project for 2021-2026 is a partnership between the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Michigan Medicine, and community-based organizations in Muskegon, MI, and Washington, D.C.

Our core research project will work at community or structural levels to address the root causes of firearm violence, including racial disparities and economic disinvestment. MI-YVPC will implement two research strategies to advance youth firearm injury prevention in two communities experiencing elevated gun violence, Muskegon, MI & Washington D.C.

First, we will test healthcare provider engagement strategies to encourage sustained implementation of SafERteens, an evidence-based practice for youth violence prevention. We will examine the effects of SafERteens on a new outcome: youth firearm violence at the community level. Second, we will document and evaluate community-level prevention programs across the two cities that address root causes. Our efforts will be guided by Community and Youth Advisory Boards and include youth learning exchanges across the two cities. A public health leadership training program for underrepresented minority undergraduate and graduate students will be incorporated to create a pipeline of scholars to advance the field.

In addition to our core research, our faculty and staff lead additional survey, intervention, and evaluation research projects related to violence prevention, school safety, and positive youth development.

Previous Project Cycles

From 2010 to 2015, MI-YVPC evaluated a multi-pronged approach to reduce violence and create a supportive and healthy environment for youth, ages 10-24 in Flint, Michigan. The array of six intervention programs was designed to focus on the individual, relationships, or community. The array of programs was also designed to reach low- and high-risk youth. Each program was organized or led by a community organization.

From 2015 to 2021, the MI-YVPC studied the effects of vacant property improvements on violence, crime, and intentional injuries in three U.S. cities: Flint, Michigan, Youngstown, Ohio, and Camden, New Jersey. The study built on programs developed by local land-use organizations and previous research indicating that vacant property improvements can have beneficial effects on community health and safety. The 2015-2021 project focused on engaging community residents, including youth, in maintaining (i.e. mowing, removing trash) and greening vacant properties by enhancing them with gardens or landscaping.

The 2015-2020 research was a collaboration between the University of Michigan, University of Pennsylvania, Rutgers University, Genesee County Land Bank in Flint, MI, Youngstown Neighborhood Development Corporation, Cooper’s Ferry Partnership in Camden, NJ, the Center for Community Progress, as well as economic development organizations, health departments, hospitals, police departments and community-based organizations in each city.

Journal Articles

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Hastings, K. G., Carter, P. M., Zimmerman, M., & Sokol, R. (2025). Parental Firearm Storage and Their Teens’ Perceived Firearm Access in US Households. JAMA Network Open, 8(6), e2514443. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.14443

Lee, D. B., Hans, Z., Aprill, S. L., Stallworth, P., Zimmerman, M. A., Walton, M. A., & Carter, P. M. (2025). Racialized economic segregation and youth firearm carriage: community violence as a mediator. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 48(3), 513–522. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-025-00564-z

Lee, E., Semenza, D. C., Geronimus, A. T., & Heinze, J. (2025). Weapon victimization and long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Social Science & Medicine (1982), 381, 118236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118236

Thulin, E. J., & Heinze, J. E. (2025). Gaslighting in Teen Dating Violence: Links to Anxiety and Depression. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 08862605251331523. https://doi.org/10.1177/08862605251331523

Stilwell, S. M., Guzmán, P., Varela, J., McMahon, S. D., Bare, K., Heinze, J., & Zimmerman, M. (2025). Protecting Educators: A Scoping Review of Interventions That Address Teacher Victimization. Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(2), 214. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15020214

Degli Esposti, M., Hans, Z., Thulin, E., Hibbs, E. L., & Sokol, R. L. (2025). The US media should rethink coverage of firearm violence. Nature Human Behaviour, 9(2), 234–236. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02095-0

Hans, Z., Lee, D. B., Zimmerman, M. A., & Wiebe, D. J. (2025). Legacy of Racism and Firearm Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States. American Journal of Public Health, 115(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307891

Wu, T.-Y., Hsieh, H.-F., Resnicow, K., Carter, P. M., Chow, C. M., & Zimmerman, M. (2025). Understanding the Intersectionality of COVID-19 Racism, Mental Distress, Alcohol Use, and Firearm Purchase Behavior Among Asian Americans. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 12(1), 310–319. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01874-1

Stilwell, S. M., Guzmán M, P., Heinze, J., & Zimmerman, M. (2025). Securing schools, protecting minds: a scoping review of limited evidence for weapon carriage prevention in K-12 schools. Cogent Mental Health, 4(1), 2603596. https://doi.org/10.1080/28324765.2025.2603596

Hartman, H. A., Seewald, L. A., Stallworth, P., Lee, D. B., Zimmerman, M. A., Ehrlich, P. F., Walton, M. A., Resnicow, K., & Carter, P. M. (2024). Firearm possession among emergency department youth and young adults: A latent class analysis. Preventive Medicine, 190, 108183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108183

Lee, D. B., Zimmerman, M. A., Stallworth, P., Cunningham, R., Walton, M., & Carter, P. M. (2024). Residential Racial Segregation and Youth Firearm Aggression: Neighborhood disadvantage and exposure to violence as mediators. Youth & Society, 56(8), 1468–1490. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x241256367

Lee, E., Scott, B. A., Hsieh, H.-F., Zimmerman, M., Rusch, A., & Heinze, J. (2024). Identifying facilitators and barriers to implementing the Say Something Anonymous Reporting System in Miami-Dade County, USA: a qualitative study. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, ip–2023–045120. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-045120

Sokol, R., Walton, M., Lee, D., Seewald, L., Del Toro, V. M., Farooqui, M., Sallabank, G., Zimmerman, M., Edberg, M., Wang, Y., Zakrison, T., Tung, E. L., Hillegass, W. B., Vearrier, L., Zhang, L., Kutcher, M. E., Blachman-Demner, D., & Carter, P. M. (2024). Advancing Science to Prevent Firearm Violence in Communities: A Process for Harmonizing Studies to Develop Research Infrastructure. Prevention Science, 25(7), 1122–1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-024-01723-5

Carter, P. M., & Cunningham, R. M. (2024). Clinical Approaches to the Prevention of Firearm-Related Injury. The New England Journal of Medicine, 391(10), 926–940. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra2306867

Goldstick, J. E., Carter, P. M., Whiteside, L., Delgado, M. K., Stallworth, P., Sullivan, K., Childs, M., Taga, S., & Cunningham, R. M. (2024). Firearm violence and associated factors among young adults presenting to emergency departments in three cities: Baseline results from Project SPARK. Preventive Medicine, 189, 108124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.108124

Stilwell, S. M., Heinze, J. E., Hsieh, H.-F., Torres, E., Grodzinski, A., & Zimmerman, M. (2024). Positive Youth Development Approach to School Safety: A Comprehensive Conceptual Framework. The Journal of School Health, 94(9), 848–857. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13485

Degli Esposti, M., Sokol, R. L., Lee, D. B., Wiebe, D. J., Cunningham, R. M., Hawryszkiewycz, A., & Carter, P. M. (2024). Firearm ownership for protection in the USA, 2023: results from a nationally representative survey. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, ip–2024–045244. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2024-045244

Goldstick, J. E., Carter, P. M., Whiteside, L., Delgado, M. K., & Cunningham, R. M. (2024). Association Between the SaFETy Score and Self-reported Firearm Violence Among Young Adults Presenting to Emergency Departments in Three Cities: A Cross-Sectional Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 177(6), 831–833. https://doi.org/10.7326/M24-0026

Carter, P. M., Seewald, L., & Zimmerman, M. (2024). Injury Prevention Science and Firearm Injury in Pediatric Health. JAMA, 331(20), 1712–1713. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.4208

Adams, M., Gong, C., & Heinze, J. E. (2024). Firearm ownership and storage among US college students: results from the healthy minds study, 2021-2022. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-024-00467-5

Lyons, V. H., Myers, M. G., Cunningham, R. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Carter, P. M., Walton, M. A., & Goldstick, J. (2024). Experiencing violence and other predictors of within-person same-day use of multiple substances in youth: a longitudinal study in emergency settings. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 50(2), 218–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00952990.2024.2307546

Lee, D. B., Simmons, M., Sokol, R. L., Crimmins, H., LaRose, J., Zimmerman, M. A., & Carter, P. M. (2024). Firearm suicide risk beliefs and prevention: The role of fear of community violence and firearm ownership for protection. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 171, 340–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.01.034

Messman, E., Heinze, J., Hsieh, H.-F., Hockley, N., Pomerantz, N., Grodzinski, A., Scott, B., Goldstein, N., & Zimmerman, M. (2024). Anonymous Reporting Systems for School-Based Violence Prevention: A Systematic Review. Health Education & Behavior: The Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education, 51(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/10901981211073734

Sokol, R. L., Lee, D., Rowhani-Rahbar, A., Pelletier, K., Zimmerman, M., & Carter, P. M. (2024). Associations between experiencing violence, owning a firearm for protection and firearm storage: a nationally representative analysis of US caregivers of teens. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 30(1), 27–32. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-044901

Thulin, E. J., French, A., Messman, E., Masi, R., & Heinze, J. E. (2024). Firearm-Related Tips in a Statewide School Anonymous Reporting System. Pediatrics, 153(2), e2023063861. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2023-063861

Sokol, R., Del Toro, V. M., Esposti, M. D., Kernsmith, P. D., Victor, B. G., Hsieh, H.-F., & Heinze, J. E. (2024). School-wide attendance rates and firearm-involved expulsions in Michigan K-12 public schools, 2018-2022. Journal of School Violence, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2025.2491812

Buttar, N., Rajan, S., Klarevas, L., Prins, S. J., Heinze, J., Cheung, K., Rudolph, K. E., Goyal, M., Zeoli, A., & Branas, C. C. (2024). Protocol for a nationwide case-control study of firearm violence prevention tactics and policies in K-12 schools. PloS One, 19(5), e0302622. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302622

Bushman, G., Kondo, M. C., Rupp, L. A., Hohl, B. C., Gong, C. H., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023). Associations between land bank ownership and stewardship of vacant properties and crime, violence, and youth victimization in Flint, MI. American Journal of Community Psychology, 72(3–4), 428–442. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12706

Hohl, B. C., Kondo, M. C., Rupp, L. A., Sadler, R. C., Gong, C. H., Le, K., Hertlein, M., Kelly, C., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023). Community identified characteristics related to illegal dumping; a mixed methods study to inform prevention. Journal of Environmental Management, 346, 118930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118930

Weigend Vargas, E., Hsieh, H.-F., Lee, D. B., & Goldstick, J. E. (2023). Firearm homicides among hispanics and white non-hispanics: measuring disparities. Injury Prevention: Journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 29(5), 437–441. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip-2023-044933

Rauk, L., Rupp, L., Hohl, B. C., Kondo, M. C., Ornelas, L., Carter, P. M., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023). Lessons learned from local vacant land management organizations for engaging youth in greening. American Journal of Community Psychology, 72(1–2), 187–202. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12688

Thulin, E. J., Lipson, S. K., Heinze, J. E., & Zhou, S. (2023). Suicidal Ideation in American Indian and Alaskan Native College-Attending Students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 65(2), 307–312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2023.02.031

Haasz, M., Myers, M. G., Rowhani-Rahbar, A., Zimmerman, M. A., Seewald, L., Sokol, R. L., Cunningham, R. M., & Carter, P. M. (2023). Firearms Availability Among High-School Age Youth With Recent Depression or Suicidality. Pediatrics, 151(6), e2022059532. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-059532

Sokol, R. L., Haasz, M., Zimmerman, M. A., Cunningham, R. M., & Carter, P. M. (2023). The association between witnessing firearm violence and firearm carriage: Results from a national study of teens. Preventive Medicine, 171, 107516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107516

Thulin, E. J., Kernsmith, P., Fleming, P. J., Heinze, J. E., Temple, J., & Smith-Darden, J. (2023). Coercive-sexting: Predicting adolescent initial exposure to electronic coercive sexual dating violence. Computers in Human Behavior, 141, 107641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107641

Roche, J. S., Carter, P. M., Zeoli, A. M., Cunningham, R. M., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023). Challenges, Successes, and the Future of Firearm Injury Prevention. The Milbank Quarterly, 101(S1), 579–612. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12621

Hsieh, H.-F., Scott, B. A., Stoddard, S. A., Zimmerman, M. A., Kleinsasser, M. J., & Heinze, J. (2023). Exposure to Violence at School and School-Related Promotive Factors Among Adolescents in Urban Settings. Journal of School Violence, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/15388220.2023.2186419

Gong, C. H., Bushman, G., Hohl, B. C., Kondo, M. C., Carter, P. M., Cunningham, R. M., Rupp, L. A., Grodzinski, A., Branas, C. C., Vagi, K. J., & Zimmerman, M. A. (2023). Community engagement, greening, and violent crime: A test of the greening hypothesis and Busy Streets. American Journal of Community Psychology, 71(1–2), 198–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12622

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Michigan Youth Violence Prevention Center

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